Arthrosis is a chronic disease in which degenerative-district changes occur in the joints.Arthrosis can disrupt the function of the joint, and in later stages, complete destruction of the joints and loss of motor functions can occur.
Arthritis in women
Predisposition to arthrosis is genetically transmitted.Congenital characteristics or defects of the connective tissue structure and joints (dysplasia) can affect the development of the disease, especially in combination with the factors acquired.Among the latter there may be injuries, overweight and other diseases.
At the age of 45, arthritis is diagnosed in 2-3% of women, but this percentage increases by more than 10 times in the age range from 45 to 60 years.After reaching 65 years, arthrosis symptoms are found in 70% of women.Men suffer from this disease somewhat less frequently.
Arthrosis in pregnant women
Arthrosis in pregnant women can significantly complicate the maintenance of a baby.And not just because due to the inevitable increase in body weight, the load on the joints increases significantly.During pregnancy, it is necessary to exclude or significantly reduce the use of certain medicines used for the treatment of arthrosis.
Therefore, pregnancy in a woman with arthrosis of the joints is performed in the narrow interaction of a gynecologist, orthopedic and rheumatologist.Doctors jointly solve issues related to the arthrosis treatment plan, taking medication, describing a special regimen.Perhaps a pregnant woman will need to wear special orthopedic devices designed to facilitate the flow of arthrosis and not interfere with fetal bearings.
Arthritis in menopausal women
Women whose body is involved in the menopause period is at risk for arthritis of the joints due to changes in the hormonal background.The health of bones, joints and ligaments depends on the level of estrogen.A decrease in female hormone levels, associated with the onset of menopause, can lead not only to osteoporosis but also at the beginning of degenerative changes in the joints and the development of arthrosis.
Arthritis in men
Often arthritis of the joints develops in adulthood in men who abuse some types of physical exercise.Especially often this happens after a long break in sports.To restore the previous physical form, a man can try to engage in previous intensity.But excess load leads to arthrosis faster than the embedded muscles appear.
Arthritis in children
At a young age, arthrosis of the joints is rare, but nevertheless there is such a diagnosis in children.
Arthrosis in young children
The probability of arthrosis at a young age increases if the child has congenital disorders of the bone system structure.This can be hip fusion dysplasia or defects of the structure of the spine joints, elbows or knee joints.A change in the geometry of the articular joint causes the appearance of an overload, acting negatively on the components of the joint.At the same time, the muscles are not yet developed enough to offset the defects of the structure.
Arthritis in teens
In adolescence, arthritis can be associated with damage taken during sports or outdoor games.Another reason is not enough balanced diet, hormonal restructuring of puberty, rapid growth of bones with the delay in increasing the mass and muscle strength.
Arthrosis of the lower extremities joints
Most often, large joints of the lower extremities suffer from arthrosis.But there is also damage to the smallest joints: for example, arthrosis of the finger joints in the leg.
Knee joint arthrosis (gonarthrosis)
Knee arthrosis is often found in men who have played sports with heavy loads.A wise amount of meetings, with or without weight, can quickly wear the cartilage layer and cause arthritis of the knee.
The first alarming signs of knee joint arthrosis are the characteristic printing and clicks on the joint when moving.The pain comes later, due to which the patient does not notice constant degenerative changes for a long time.
With timely treatment, knee joint arthrosis can be overcome, or at least suspend the development of the disease.
Foot joining arthritis (cruzartrosis)
The ankle connection is very mobile and performs important functions when walking, running and jumping.The arthrosis of the ankle joint is able to lead a person to disability in just a few years if treatment does not start in a timely manner.
But early diagnosis of ankle arthrosis remains problematic, as there are no nerve endings in the cartilage, and for a long time the pain is not felt.Pathological changes develop, almost in no way to make themselves feel.In the early stages of the ankle arthrosis of the ankle, as a rule, is accidentally detected.
Hip joint arthrosis (coxarthrosis)
Coxarthrosis, or arthrosis of the hip joint, belongs to the most common and heavier lesions of the lower extremities joints.As a rule, the pain is missing for a long time.Pain already occurs when the knot is significantly destroyed.This is very dangerous, as it is the hip joint that carries the main load associated with the body mass.
Arthritis of the ankle joints
Although arthritis often affects large joints, smaller joints can also suffer.The reason for the development of arthrosis of the foot joints can be injuries, congenital disorders in the structure of the limbs, flat feet, unpleasant shoes, work in which a person spends a lot of time on his feet.Often the development of arthrosis of the foot can provoke vascular disease, which is disturbed by blood supply to the limbs, as well as endocrine and metabolic diseases.
An elongated bone at the base of the thumb very often appears precisely because of the arthrosis of the fingertips.After deforming the first union, the spread of the process on other fingers may follow.
Arthritis of the upper extremities joints
Although the upper limbs are a lower load than in the lower part, arthrosis of the wrist joints causes many problems for the patient.
Arthritis of brush joints
Statistics say: This type of arthritis is found in women much more often than in men.And it manifests, as a rule, after the onset of menopause, although the first symptoms of arthrosis may appear earlier.
It is precisely the arthritis of the finger joints that disfigures the hands, making the joints with swollen, swollen curves and fingers.
The joint deformation is very poorly affected by excellent motor skills.Becomes is difficult not only to keep small objects in your hands, put a thread in a needle, knit and write.During periods of irritation, the sore fingers are unable to hold the spoon, and the cup of tea should be raised with two hands, and then it can slip.
Elbow arthritis
This type of common arthritis is relatively rare.Typically, the cause of the development of the disease lies in injuries, inflammatory diseases, tireless work, excessive enthusiasm for some sports.
Although the elbow joint usually does not carry significant loads, the changes caused by arthritis can completely interfere with normal life.Violation of mobility can even deprive a person from the ability to perform the usual action in life, including service of his needs.
Shoulder joining arthritis
Shoulder joint arthritis is not very common.If in the early stage of the development of shoulder joint arthrosis the pain appears relatively rarely, then the knot destroys the situation, the situation worsens.
The hand becomes painful to get up and return, the pain intensifies when it rises a lot and the weather changes.Pain in the foot does not allow to sleep: the patient cannot find the position of the body in which the shoulders would not damage.
Arthritis of temporary union
If arthrosis of the hand joints can interfere with the patient to convey a spoonful of food in the mouth, then arthrosis of the temporary joint (TMS) prevents the mouth.But this is in the last stage of the disease, when the jaw joint has undergone considerable destruction, and bone growth deprive it of mobility.
The cause of the disease is a violation of bite, congenital or acquired due to the destruction or loss of teeth.The development of arthrosis can cause damage, inflammatory processes in the joint.
Arthrosis of the spine joints (spondylarthrosis)
Neck arthritis develops due to violation of bone structure and cartilage;Due to a long stay in the wrong body position during surgery.The reason may be injuries, inflammation, tireless work, violation of blood supply to the back and many other factors.
The arthrosis of the spine joints is dangerous in that the deformation of the joints can lead to compression of the nerve fibers, blood vessels, which, in turn, can cause various pathological symptoms.These are frequent headaches, migraine (meaning vertebral artery syndrome or so -called "cervical migraine"), hypertension, weakness and fatigue, etc.Compression of blood vessels and nerve fibers can occur with 2nd degree spondyl arthrosis.
Symptoms of arthrosis
Symptoms of arthrosis of the foot joints
Pain, as a rule, is absent in the early stages of the disease.But you can see that when moving, the union can click, crack, and sometimes loudly.
If arthritis is not treated, then the cane without cane or crutches can become problematic.And in the most severe cases, the patient completely loses the ability to move independently.Gonartrosis, hip joint arthrosis and ankle is especially difficult.
Symptoms of arthrosis of the joints
The arthrosis of the hand joints manifests itself in the deformation of the fingers: they can bend, the joints swell, thickening and hills appear on them.During irritation, the injured joints become hot and painful.Finger arthritis prevents accurate movements, fingers are poorly convinced.
Symptoms of shoulder joint arthrosis are, among other things, in limitation of mobility.If a healthy shoulder fusion has the ability to make a variety of movements with a large amplitude, then with arthritis of the shoulder knot, it can become impossible even raising a hand.
Symptoms of temporary joining arthrosis
The symptoms of jaw card arthrosis are not much different from others.This is strange during movement, limiting the motility of the joint.Moreover, in the absence of treatment, the patient can generally lose the ability to open his mouth and even speak clearly.As the disease develops, the pain occurs, increasing from the load and during the raw, cold weather.
Symptoms of spondilantrosis
In the early stages, spondy arthrosis is manifested only by any discomfort in the back.Unpleasant sensations make the patient more often than usual, change the position of the body.As the disease develops, the pain occurs.At first, it is not strong, but very stubborn and intruder, and then it can become constant and exhausting.
Forms of arthrosis
Primary and secondary arthrosis
Primary, or idiopathic, is called arthrosis, the causes of the development of which cannot be detected.This applies to inheritance forms of arthrosis, including.
Secondary arthrosis develops as a result of various pathological processes in the body that can cause changes in the joints.It can be injuries, a wrong lifestyle, tireless work or illness.In particular, arthrosis can develop after the suffering of joint inflammation, as well as due to diseases of the vascular system, endocrine disorders and autoimmune diseases.Arthrosis can lead to diabetes mellitus, gout, destructive endarteritis, etc.
Localized and generalized arthritis
Localized arthritis is characterized by the spread of the process by 1-2 joints.Localized arthritis includes hip joint arthrosis, gonarthrosis, cruartthrosis, temporary joint arthrosis, etc.
Causes of arthrosis
Causes of primary arthrosis
Primary arthritis can develop for vague reasons, which are not always possible to detect.Famous risk factors include congenital and genetically transmitted characteristics of the body.
Construction of abnormalities
The structure of the skeleton, bone and ligaments plays a major role in the development of arthrosis.This may be due to both violations of bone structure, cartilage and connective tissue, and with improper formation of bones and joints.
Hereditary predisposition
Disordishes genetic disorders can lead to disorders in the synthesis processes of substances that are cartilage, connective tissue or joint fluid.
Causes of secondary arthrosis
hurt
As a result of fractures, cracks and incorrect melting, the natural form of union may vary, its blood supply to it may worry.That is why the reason for developing arthrosis of large and small joints in 20-30% of cases is damage.
Overload
With much physical activity of the surface of the articular joints when moving, the microtrauma is obtained, which over time leads to a change in cartilage quality and its destruction.
Thickening
Excess weight significantly increases the load on the spine joints and the lower extremities.It is this factor that accelerates and weighs the flow of coxarthrosis, ankle arthrosis and knee joints.
Knot
Inflammatory processes in the joints are called arthritis and often precede the development of arthritis.Common inflammation occurs with rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis, with gout and psoriasis.
Endocrine
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most significant factors in the development of arthrosis.But diseases and other endocrine conditions can have a negative effect.In particular, hormonal changes associated with menopause significantly increase the risk of arthrosis in mature women.
Violation of metabolic processes
Metabolism diseases also contribute to the arthrosis disease of the joints.This is gout, osteoporosis and others.Metabolic processes that occur incorrectly play a negative role in the absorption of calcium, protein synthesis and other elements needed to maintain normal bone structure, cartilage, ligaments, etc.
Blood supply disorders
Atherosclerosis, varicose veins and other blood vessels lead to a violation of blood supply and nutrients of bones and joints.Due to the lack of food, their strength decreases and the risk of arthrosis occurs.
Hypodinamine
The lack of movement is harmful to the whole organism, and even to the muscular system.The lack of physical activity adversely affects the blood supply of individual organs and systems, and also often leads to overweight and congestive phenomena.
Diagnosis of arthrosis
Arthrosis can be similar to other diseases that require a different treatment methodology.Accurate diagnosis is very important for the timely onset of arthrosis treatment and the choice of optimal methodology.
Suspicion of arthritis occurs during an initial examination based on a group of patient complaints.But this is not enough to create an accurate diagnosis.
One of the most visual methods remains an X -Rray examination: the changes that occur in the joint are clearly visible in the radiograph.The degree of visible changes in the picture allows you to determine the degree of development of the disease.
In addition to radiography, thermographic examination, ultrasound, calculated and magnetic resonance are used.
Other studies are conducted for differential diagnostics.In particular, rheumatoid samples, a detailed blood test, determination of uric acid levels, etc.
The treatment of arthrosis
How to treat arthrosis?
The main thing to be remembered by the patient with arthritis: treatment should be performed under the supervision of specialists.By home methods, arthritis cannot be cured.Moreover: if the disease has already developed up to 2-3 stages, it will not work to completely restore the affected joint.
Arthrosis Treatment: Medicine
The treatment of arthrosis of the joints should be comprehensive.The basis of medication treatment is chondroprotectors - medicines that help maintain their elasticity and strength that improve the structure of cartilage tissue.
Chondroprotectors are available in different forms:
- in capsules and tablets;
- In solutions for intramuscular and intraarticular injection.
Chondroprotectors are particularly effective with an early degree of arthrosis, but their use is also advised in the treatment of advanced stages of the disease.
To relieve pain, various anesthesia and analgesics are described in the form of creams, gel for local use, or in the form of injections.
To relieve inflammation in the affected joint, non -inflammatory non -steroidal drugs based on sodium, orthophen and metindol are used.
Muscle jumps are drawn under the influence of miorerexant drugs.
Moreover, the medicines are prescribed that contribute to improving blood microcirulation.As auxiliary substances, the use of vitamins is possible.
Treatment of arthrosis by surgical methods
In the late stages of arthrosis, when the joint is already significantly destroyed and not given to medical treatment, surgical surgery can be performed.
Types of arthrosis surgical treatment:
- Arthroplasty, in which mobility can return to the affected joint;
- Arthrodesis aiming to ensure union immobility;
- The joint, that is, complete or partial removal of the affected joints of the joints;
- Prosthetics, in which the damaged and destroyed parts are replaced by artificial elements.
Massage, physiotherapy in the treatment of arthrosis
Physiotherapeutic treatment plays a very important role in the fight against arthrosis symptoms.The patient is prescribed massage, laser and magnetic therapy, acupuncture and other types of treatment.
Treatment courses should be repeated regularly.
Treatment of arthrosis sanatorium
Many sanatoriums specialize in the treatment of arthrosis, especially those near the therapeutic mud deposits and specialize in the mud.
Arthrosis patients are indicated by therapeutic baths and heat, but all this should be under strict medical control.Mudlit has restrictions and contraindications.
Ladder
1st degree arthrosis
Early stairs of arthrosis are manifested by insignificant symptoms that cannot be easily observed:
- some stiffness of movements, especially after they are in relative immobility;
- pain at the beginning of the movement, disappearing after a few minutes;
- Light of light, cramp, clicks on fusion when moving;
- The pain after and during physical exercise, after rest, passes.
In radiographs, small changes in the structure of the joint may be visible, including the appearance of small bone growth along the edges of the articular joint and a slightly expressed narrowing of the joint gap.
2nd degree arthrosis
With 2 degrees of arthritis, all symptoms appear more strongly:
- the most noticeable restriction of joint mobility;
- With each movement, a crack and a cramp are heard in a sore joint;
- Pain for 2nd degree arthrosis becomes more often and sharper;
- The "starting" pains no longer disappear after the onset of movement;
- On X -Ray, deformation of the joint and increased osteophytes are clearly visible;
- 2nd degree arthritis causes a significant narrowing of the joint gap, it may even be visible to trim the injured limb.
With 2 degrees of arthritis development, performance is reduced, and some types of activity become impossible.
Arthritis of 3 degrees
3 degree of arthrosis is characterized by severe union damage:
- Increased bone tissue and fluid accumulation in the joint bag leads to an increase in joint;
- The movements are significantly limited, sometimes the patient is able to perform nothing more than to swing with the affected limb;
- Sensitivity to changes in weather increases;
- Severe pain practically leaves the patient either on the move or at rest;
- The muscles around the sore joint are constantly spasmodic, due to energy disorders they begin to gradually atrophy;
- The joint gap is practically not visible in radiographs, deformity of the surfaces of the articular elements is very strongly expressed;The connection is surrounded by bone tissue growth, destruction of intra -articular structures and sclerotic changes in the surrounding tissue is visible.
4th degree arthrosis
Despite the generally accepted classification of arthrosis development, consisting of 3 degrees, it is sometimes distinguished, 4 degrees.The deforming arthrosis of the joint at this stage of the disease takes the most severe form: the knot is completely destroyed and it loses its functions.At the same time, the patient experiences such severe pain that small movements become impossible.The pain does not stop even with powerful medicines.
On X -Ray, it can be seen the union of the affected bones of the joints, fusion, expressed sclerotic.
At this stage, arthritis deformity can only be stopped by a surgical operation to protest the destroyed node.
Prevention of arthrosis
Node health should be taken from youth.Prevention of arthrosis is attentive to your health and in time the search for a doctor when the first symptoms of arthrosis appear, even expressed little.
Prevention measures include maintaining body weight at an optimal level.
Do not be excessive in traumatic sports, train them with excessive care and irrational loads.It is also dangerous to take large breaks in the sport, after which the previous load can be devastating for the joints and cause arthritis.
It is advisable to provide the right, rational foods, excluding fatty, spicy and canned foods.Absolutely absolutely necessary to remove tobacco in order to maintain the health of blood vessels.
For women, it is always important to avoid tight tight shoes.And in menopause, it is necessary to approach the issue of hormone replacement therapy so as not to expose the body to hormonal stress that can provoke the development of arthrosis.
Since damage becomes a common cause of arthrosis development, it should be avoided as much possible damage to bones, joints and other damage.
Arthritis
Therapeutic gymnastics for arthritis is very important, as well as sufficient physical activity for the prevention of the disease.
Special arthritis exercises are chosen by the doctor, but there are some general recommendations.
- Exercises for arthritis should not cause pain.
- The load intensity should not be large, any overload are harmful.
- The movements are performed at a slow or middle pace, with moderate amplitude.
- Swimming is very useful and aqua-aerobic in a warm pool.
- Exercises for arthritis should be performed daily, without a break, for a long time.Preferably always.